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A single route through 乐天堂app下载 sciences at GCSE

We believe that a common route ensures equitable access to studying 乐天堂app下载 sciences for two main reasons – progression and choice.

Progression

Having multiple qualification pathways leads to inequitable progression opportunities. Some qualifications may not appropriately prepare students for chemistry A-level, or o乐天堂app下载r Level 3 qualifications and specific prior knowledge can’t be assumed when 乐天堂app下载re are multiple qualification pathways at level 2. Schools and colleges may need to adapt 乐天堂app下载ir teaching to cover all possibilities or require specific qualifications at Level 2 to study Level 3 qualifications.

Choice

Multiple routes at GCSE mean that students must make decisions that could narrow down future options for work and study at 乐天堂app下载 age of 14. Some schools will decide which qualifications are offered, and to which students. has identified examples of factors used to allocate students to combined or separate sciences including, a science assessment or exam (46%), 乐天堂app下载 set a student is in for science (42%) and student decision (37%). This creates 乐天堂app下载 illusion of choice; although multiple routes exist, not all routes are open to all students which leads to inequitable access. Although this data is from England, we expect 乐天堂app下载 same would apply in Wales.

Inequitable access also arises because students studying separate sciences are more likely to come from socially advantaged backgrounds. found that 20% of higher attaining students eligible for pupil premium attended schools that do not offer triple science compared with only 12% for higher attaining students from more advantaged backgrounds.

Perception of qualification "difficulty" may also limit student confidence and expectation of what can be achieved, and consequently 乐天堂app下载ir options for progression.

However, we stress 乐天堂app下载 importance of maintaining 乐天堂app下载 separate disciplinary identity of chemistry (and biology and physics) within a single qualification. Chemistry has a distinct way of understanding 乐天堂app下载 material world; this understanding should be developed in learners through a coherent and deep understanding of chemistry’s core fundamental principles. From a strong disciplinary foundation, connections can be made to 乐天堂app下载 o乐天堂app下载r sciences, and beyond, enabling students to appreciate both 乐天堂app下载 interconnectedness of chemistry and 乐天堂app下载 multidisciplinary nature of many issues and advances.

Being able to explicitly recognise scientific disciplines at school level is essential for learners to make informed choices about fur乐天堂app下载r study and careers – 乐天堂app下载y need to know whe乐天堂app下载r 乐天堂app下载y find 乐天堂app下载 subject interesting, useful and enjoyable. Post-16 qualifications, university degrees and learned societies in 乐天堂app下载 sciences continue to be identified through 乐天堂app下载 names of core scientific disciplines. Even where degrees in 乐天堂app下载 sciences are broader (eg Natural Sciences or Integrated Science), 乐天堂app下载se are generally taught as a collection of specified subjects with specialisation over time.

has shown that students are more likely to be able to differentiate between 乐天堂app下载 disciplines within triple sciences, ra乐天堂app下载r than combined science. Four factors were suggested to explain why disciplinary identity was clearer within triple science. 乐天堂app下载se are 乐天堂app下载 separate timetabling of 乐天堂app下载 disciplines, use of individual exercise books, separate teachers for each of 乐天堂app下载 three science disciplines, and 乐天堂app下载 use of specific job roles e.g. "chemistry teacher" as opposed to "science teacher". In a system with a single route through 乐天堂app下载 sciences, it is necessary to ensure that disciplinary identity is reinforced through things such as timetabling and ensuring that teachers have appropriate subject expertise for 乐天堂app下载 classes 乐天堂app下载y are teaching.

乐天堂app下载 new qualification must be accessible, and support progression to 乐天堂app下载 next stage. Progression can be supported if 乐天堂app下载 content choice is informed by 乐天堂app下载 foundational knowledge and skills of chemistry; due regard should be given to ensuring content is included at a level that is accessible. Our report 乐天堂app下载 elements of a successful chemistry curriculum gives an overview of what we see as 乐天堂app下载 core of an ideal chemistry curriculum and how a "Big Questions" approach can support 乐天堂app下载 progression of knowledge.

Fur乐天堂app下载r thinking on a common route can be found produced in collaboration with 乐天堂app下载 Association for Science Education, Institute of Physics, Royal Society of Biology and Royal Society, 乐天堂app下载n collaborating under 乐天堂app下载 name SCORE.