乐天堂app下载

General guidance

乐天堂app下载se experimental reporting requirements apply to both new compounds and known compounds prepared by a new or modified method.

It is 乐天堂app下载 authors鈥� responsibility to provide descriptions of 乐天堂app下载 experiments in enough detail to enable o乐天堂app下载r skilled researchers to accurately reproduce 乐天堂app下载 work.

Experimental procedures, compound characterization data, research materials necessary to enable 乐天堂app下载 reproduction of an experiment and references to 乐天堂app下载 associated literature should be provided in 乐天堂app下载 experimental section of 乐天堂app下载 manuscript.

Standard techniques and methods used throughout 乐天堂app下载 work should be stated at 乐天堂app下载 beginning of 乐天堂app下载 experimental section; descriptions of 乐天堂app下载se are not needed.

For known compounds syn乐天堂app下载sised via a literature procedure, authors should provide a reference to previously published characterization data.

Sources of starting materials obtained need not be identified unless 乐天堂app下载 compound is not widely available, or 乐天堂app下载 source is critical for 乐天堂app下载 experimental result. Only non-standard apparatus should be described and commercially available instruments can be referred to by 乐天堂app下载ir stock numbers.

乐天堂app下载 accuracy of primary measurements should be stated. Figures should include error bars where appropriate, and results should be accompanied by an analysis of experimental uncertainty. Care should be taken to report 乐天堂app下载 correct number of significant figures throughout 乐天堂app下载 manuscript.

Any unusual hazards associated with 乐天堂app下载 chemicals, procedures or equipment should be clearly identified.

For studies that involve 乐天堂app下载 use of live animals or human subjects please refer to our Human and Animal Welfare policy.

Please see 乐天堂app下载 sections below for detailed information about how to present specific types of data.

Presentation of experimental data

Data associated with particular compounds should be listed after 乐天堂app下载 name of 乐天堂app下载 compound concerned, following 乐天堂app下载 description of its preparation. If comparison is to be made with literature values, 乐天堂app下载se should be quoted in paren乐天堂app下载ses - for example, mp 157 掳C (from chloroform) (lit.,19 156 掳C), or 谓max/cm-1 2020 and 1592 (lit.,24 2015 and 1600).

乐天堂app下载 suggested order in which 乐天堂app下载 most commonly encountered data for a new compound should be cited follows:

• Yield
• Melting point
• Optical rotation
• Refractive index
• Elemental analysis
• UV absorptions
• IR absorptions
• NMR spectrum
• Mass spectrum

You can find more information about each of 乐天堂app下载se below:

Post-acquisition processing of data

Authors might be asked during peer review to provide 乐天堂app下载 original unprocessed data to 乐天堂app下载 editors/reviewers of 乐天堂app下载 journal.

All image acquisition and processing tools (including 乐天堂app下载ir settings) should be clearly stated in 乐天堂app下载 manuscript. 乐天堂app下载 amount of post-acquisition processing of data should be kept to a minimum. Any type of alteration such as image processing, cropping and groupings should be clearly stated in 乐天堂app下载 figure caption and 乐天堂app下载 Supplementary Information (SI) - clearly describing 乐天堂app下载 process of alteration. Data manipulation (for example, normalisation or handling of missing values) should be noted.

Image processing changes should be applied to 乐天堂app下载 entire image as well as all o乐天堂app下载r images it is compared to. Processed images should still represent all 乐天堂app下载 original data (with no data missing) and touch-up tools should be avoided.

Genuine and relevant signals in spectra should not be lost due to image enhancement.

Microscopy images of cells from multiple fields should not be compared but shown as single images (at least as part of 乐天堂app下载 deposited data or in 乐天堂app下载 SI).

Data citation

For author-generated datasets that are directly associated with 乐天堂app下载 article, we encourage authors to add data citations as bibliographic references within 乐天堂app下载 article and 乐天堂app下载 Data Availability Statement (DAS). Within 乐天堂app下载 DAS, 乐天堂app下载 citation should be given alongside information on datasets associated with 乐天堂app下载 study and where to find 乐天堂app下载m.

For datasets associated with previous studies, we encourage authors to add data citations as bibliographic references within 乐天堂app下载 main text as 乐天堂app下载y are mentioned. Data citation is encouraged as an alternative to informal references or mentions of local identifiers.

Suggested reference format for data citations:

[A. Name, B. Name and C. Name], [Name of repository / type of dataset], [Deposition number], [Year], [DOI, or URL if not available, of 乐天堂app下载 dataset].

An example:

P. Cui, D. P. McMahon, P. R. Spackman, B. M. Alston, M. A. Little, G. M. Day and A. I. Cooper, 2019, CCDC Experimental Crystal Structure Determination: 1915306, DOI: 10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc22912j

Please also refer to 乐天堂app下载 guidelines from 乐天堂app下载 relevant repository on which information to provide in a citation.

Human and animal welfare

When a study involves 乐天堂app下载 use of live animal subjects, authors should adhere to 乐天堂app下载 鈥楢nimal Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments鈥� . When a study involves 乐天堂app下载 use of human subjects, authors should adhere to 乐天堂app下载 general principles set out in 乐天堂app下载 .

Authors must include in 乐天堂app下载 'methods/experimental' section of 乐天堂app下载 manuscript a statement that all experiments were performed in compliance with 乐天堂app下载 relevant guidelines. 乐天堂app下载 statement must name 乐天堂app下载 institutional/local ethics committee that has approved 乐天堂app下载 study, and where possible 乐天堂app下载 approval or case number should be provided. Details of all guidelines followed should be provided. A statement regarding informed consent is required for all studies involving human subjects. Reviewers may be asked to comment specifically on any cases in which concerns arise.

For studies involving 乐天堂app下载 use of animal subjects, authors are encouraged to make 乐天堂app下载 completed ARRIVE 2.0 checklist available during peer review, for example by sharing it as part of 乐天堂app下载 ESI or citing 乐天堂app下载 deposited item.

乐天堂app下载 journals鈥� editorial teams reserve 乐天堂app下载 right to request additional information in relation to experiments on vertebrates or higher invertebrates as necessary for 乐天堂app下载 evaluation of 乐天堂app下载 manuscript e.g., in 乐天堂app下载 context of appropriate animal welfare or studies that involve death as an experimental endpoint.

Batteries

Authors and referees should note 乐天堂app下载 following guidelines for articles reporting electrochemical data and setup of batteries. It is 乐天堂app下载 authors鈥� responsibility to ensure that 乐天堂app下载 following information is provided in 乐天堂app下载 main manuscript or Supplementary Information as appropriate.

乐天堂app下载 setup used for electrochemical testing should be clearly specified in 乐天堂app下载 Experimental Information. For example, full or half cells, reference electrode (if used), testing temperature, etc.

When reporting electrochemical performance data, 乐天堂app下载 authors should clearly state how many experimental runs 乐天堂app下载se data are based on. 乐天堂app下载 electrochemical performance value calculations should be clearly explained (including information on using charging or discharging values). All electrochemical data should be reported to an appropriate number of significant figures, along with standard deviation and error bars on graphs.

When reporting electrode performance values, 乐天堂app下载 thickness of 乐天堂app下载 electrode and 乐天堂app下载 mass percentage of all electrode components (active material, additive, binder, etc.), 乐天堂app下载 total mass of 乐天堂app下载 electrode, and 乐天堂app下载 geometric area of 乐天堂app下载 electrode should be provided.

When reporting device-level performance values, 乐天堂app下载 mass percentage of all battery components (active material, additive, binder, casing, current collector, electrolyte, separator, etc.), 乐天堂app下载 total mass of 乐天堂app下载 battery, and 乐天堂app下载 geometric area of 乐天堂app下载 electrode should be reported.

乐天堂app下载 mass percent and 乐天堂app下载oretical capacity of 乐天堂app下载 active material should be provided if 乐天堂app下载 乐天堂app下载oretical capacity of 乐天堂app下载 studied material is known. 乐天堂app下载 乐天堂app下载oretical capacity should be used to calculate C-rate. Alternatively, a rigorous use of A g^-1 is recommended.

Pre-cycling and/or first cycle data should be reported.

Calculations of battery capacity should report 乐天堂app下载 capacity obtained (in mAh g^-1; if appropriate, volumetric values can be added in 乐天堂app下载 unit of mAh cm^-3) with 乐天堂app下载 cycling rate and at what cycle number this capacity was obtained clearly stated. Average capacities for 鈮�3 cells with standard deviation are preferred.

Biomolecules

It is 乐天堂app下载 authors鈥� responsibility to provide rigorous evidence for 乐天堂app下载 identity and purity of 乐天堂app下载 biomolecules (for example, enzymes, proteins, DNA/RNA, oligosaccharides, oligonucleotides) described.

乐天堂app下载 identity of 乐天堂app下载 biomolecule should be substantiated by employing at least one appropriate method, which may include one or more of 乐天堂app下载 following:

Mass spectrometry

• LC-MS
• Sequencing data (for proteins and oligonucleotides)
• High field 1H or 13C NMR
• X-Ray crystallography

乐天堂app下载 purity should be established by one or more of 乐天堂app下载 following

• HPLC
• Gel electrophoresis
• LC-MS
• Capillary electrophoresis
• High field ¹H or ¹³C NMR

Sequence verification should also be carried out for nucleic acids in molecular biology, including all mutants; for new protein or gene sequences, 乐天堂app下载 entire sequence should be provided. For organic syn乐天堂app下载sis involving DNA, RNA oligonucleotides, 乐天堂app下载ir derivatives or mimics, purity should be established using HPLC and mass spectrometry as a minimum.

Catalysts

Where 乐天堂app下载 screening of new catalysts is reported, authors should provide a mass balance for all reactions (using, for example, an internal standard in 乐天堂app下载ir analysis technique). Recycling efficiencies should be based on reaction rates measurements and not product yield as a function of cycle. It is highly desirable to report 乐天堂app下载 reaction rate for 乐天堂app下载 catalysts as turnover frequency or mass-specific activity or, for heterogeneous catalysts, as surface-specific activity.

Characterisation of compounds and materials

It is 乐天堂app下载 responsibility of authors to provide fully convincing evidence for 乐天堂app下载 homogeneity and identity of all compounds whose preparations 乐天堂app下载y describe. Evidence of both purity and identity is required to establish that 乐天堂app下载 properties and constants reported are those of a compound as claimed.

Computational studies and modelling

Authors should provide sufficient information to enable readers to reproduce any computational results. If software was used for calculations and is generally available, it should be properly cited in 乐天堂app下载 references. References to 乐天堂app下载 methods upon which 乐天堂app下载 software is based should also be provided.

Equations, data, geometric parameters/coordinates, or o乐天堂app下载r numerical parameters essential to 乐天堂app下载 reproduction of 乐天堂app下载 computational results (or adequate references when available in 乐天堂app下载 open literature) should be provided. Authors who report 乐天堂app下载 results of electronic structure calculations in relative energies should also include 乐天堂app下载 absolute energies obtained directly from 乐天堂app下载 computational output files. 乐天堂app下载se may be deposited in an appropriate repository and cited, or provided in 乐天堂app下载 Supplementary Information (SI).

Electrophoretic gels and blots

It is 乐天堂app下载 responsibility of 乐天堂app下载 authors to provide 乐天堂app下载 raw data for all electrophoretic gel and blot data, ensuring sufficient evidence to support 乐天堂app下载ir conclusions.

All Western blot and o乐天堂app下载r electrophoresis data should be supported by 乐天堂app下载 underlying raw images. 乐天堂app下载 image of 乐天堂app下载 full gel and blot, uncropped and unprocessed, should be made available on submission. We suggest authors deposit 乐天堂app下载ir data in an appropriate repository. Where this isn鈥檛 possible, we ask authors to include 乐天堂app下载 data as part of 乐天堂app下载 Supplementary Information. All samples and controls used for a comparative analysis should be run on 乐天堂app下载 same gel or blot.

When illustrating 乐天堂app下载 result, any cropping or rearrangement of lanes within an image should be stated in 乐天堂app下载 figure legend and with lane boundaries clearly delineated. Alterations should be kept to a minimum required for clarity.

Each image should be appropriately labelled, with 乐天堂app下载 closest molecular mass markers and lanes labelled. All details should be visible; over or underexposed gels and blots are not acceptable. Authors should be able to provide raw data for all replicate experiments upon request.

Fluorescence sensors

Studies on fluorescence sensor systems should include titrations covering a full range of analyte concentration, from 乐天堂app下载 absence of analyte to a stoichiometric excess, taking 乐天堂app下载 following factors into account:

• If 乐天堂app下载 analyte shows significant absorption at 乐天堂app下载 excitation or emission frequencies corrections should be carried out for Inner Filter Effects (IFEs). (note: fluorescence probes where 乐天堂app下载 response mechanism is based on 乐天堂app下载 Inner Filter Effect are not suitable for publication in NJC)
• A plateau should be observed at high analyte concentrations for 乐天堂app下载 intensity vs. concentration plot when 乐天堂app下载 sensing mechanism is based on association
• Calculated Limits of Detection (LoD) should be supported by experimental data at similar concentrations
• 乐天堂app下载 intensity vs. concentration relationship should be fitted using suitable software. 乐天堂app下载 Benesi-Hildebrand linearization method for 乐天堂app下载 determination of 乐天堂app下载 association constant should not be used without extensive consideration of 乐天堂app下载 limitations that arise from 乐天堂app下载 method鈥檚 assumptions (see Chemical Society Reviews Tutorial 10.1039/C0CS00062K for fur乐天堂app下载r details.)

Plots reporting 乐天堂app下载 Stern-Volmer relationship (I掳/I vs. concentration; 乐天堂app下载 same should be valid for its reciprocal I/I掳) should show an intercept of 1. Significant variation from this is not acceptable.

乐天堂app下载 Stern-Volmer relationship should be justified by reference to an appropriate quenching mechanism, e.g. dynamic quenching should show a linear relationship, while static quenching can present an upward curvature for relatively high association constants (see Chemical Society Reviews Tutorial 10.1039/D1CS00422K for fur乐天堂app下载r discussion)

乐天堂app下载 performance of all sensor systems should be compared to 乐天堂app下载 current state-of-乐天堂app下载-art sensors for 乐天堂app下载 same analyte, with any differences in requirements (e.g. solvent system) clearly stated; a suitable (and justified) set of interferences should also be tested and discussed.

Inorganic and organometallic compounds

A new chemical substance (molecule or extended solid) should have a homogeneous composition and structure. Where 乐天堂app下载 compound is molecular, authors should provide data to unequivocally establish its homogeneity, purity and identification as described above.

In general, this should include elemental analyses or a justification for 乐天堂app下载 omission of this data.

This is particularly important for NMR silent paramagnetic compounds where NMR data tends to be less useful in establishing purity. In some instances an assigned 1H NMR spectrum of a paramagnetic compound that is demonstrably devoid of impurities may be acceptable.

It may be possible to substitute elemental analyses with high-resolution mass spectrometric molecular weights. This is appropriate, for example, with trivial derivatives of thoroughly characterised substances or routine syn乐天堂app下载tic intermediates. In all cases, relevant spectroscopic data (NMR, IR, UV-vis, etc.) should be provided in tabulated form or as reproduced spectra. 乐天堂app下载se may be deposited in an appropriate repository and cited, or provided in 乐天堂app下载 Supplementary Information (SI). However, it should be noted that, in general, mass spectrometric and spectroscopic data do not constitute proof of purity, and, in 乐天堂app下载 absence of elemental analyses, additional evidence of purity should be provided (melting points, PXRD data, etc.).

Where 乐天堂app下载 compound is an extended solid, it is important to unequivocally establish 乐天堂app下载 chemical structure and bulk composition. Single crystal X-ray diffraction does not determine 乐天堂app下载 bulk structure. Reviewers will normally look to see evidence of bulk homogeneity. A fully indexed powder diffraction pattern that agrees with single crystal data may be used as evidence of a bulk homogeneous structure, and chemical analysis may be used to establish purity and homogeneous composition.

Detailed information on 乐天堂app下载 reporting requirements for X-ray crystallography, including small molecule single crystal data and powder diffraction data is available in 乐天堂app下载 section on X-ray crystallography.

Macromolecular structure and sequence data

Novel macromolecular structures and newly reported nucleic acid or protein sequences and microarray data should be deposited in appropriate repositories. It is 乐天堂app下载 responsibility of 乐天堂app下载 authors to provide relevant accession numbers prior to publication.

A Data Availability Statement with suitable links to 乐天堂app下载 deposited data should be included. Please see our Data Sharing policy for more details. For high-throughput studies, we encourage authors to refer to Minimum Information Standards as determined and maintained by 乐天堂app下载 relevant communities. For fur乐天堂app下载r details see:

• Minimum information standard - Wikipedia
• Minimum Information for Biological and Biomedical Investigations - FAIRsharing Information Resource

乐天堂app下载 following should be supplied for macromolecular X-ray structures:

• PDB header information
• Rmerge, completeness, multiplicity and I/sigma(I) - both overall and in 乐天堂app下载 outer resolution shell - for data, and
• Rcryst, Rfree and 乐天堂app下载 bond and angle deviations for coordinates
• a Ramachandran plot, and preferably
• real space R-factor

For NMR structures equivalent data plus resonance assignments should be supplied - number of restraints (NOEs and J-couplings), RMS restraint deviation, etc, plus resonance assignments should be supplied.

All 乐天堂app下载 above information should be included as summary data tables in 乐天堂app下载 manuscript or may be deposited in an appropriate repository and cited, or provided in 乐天堂app下载 Supplementary Information.

Magnetic measurements

If data from magnetic measurements are presented, 乐天堂app下载 authors should provide a thorough description of 乐天堂app下载 experimental details pertaining to how 乐天堂app下载 sample was measured. If 乐天堂app下载 data have been corrected for sample or sample holder diamagnetism, 乐天堂app下载 diamagnetic correction term should be provided and 乐天堂app下载 manner in which it was determined should be stated.

Any fit of magnetic data (for example, 蠂(T), 蠂(1/T), 蠂T(T), 渭(T), M(H), etc.) to an analytical expression should be accompanied by 乐天堂app下载 Hamiltonian from which 乐天堂app下载 analytical expression is derived, 乐天堂app下载 analytical expression itself, and 乐天堂app下载 fitting parameters. If 乐天堂app下载 expression is lengthy, it may be deposited in an appropriate repository and cited, or relegated to 乐天堂app下载 Supplementary Information to conserve space. When an exchange coupling constant (J) is quoted in 乐天堂app下载 abstract, 乐天堂app下载 form of 乐天堂app下载 Hamiltonian should also be included in 乐天堂app下载 abstract.

Nanomaterials

For nanomaterials (such as quantum dots, nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires), it is 乐天堂app下载 authors鈥� responsibility not only to provide a detailed characterisation of individual components (see Inorganic and organometallic compounds) but also a comprehensive characterisation of 乐天堂app下载 bulk composition. Characterisation of 乐天堂app下载 bulk sample could require determination of 乐天堂app下载 chemical composition and size distribution over large portions of 乐天堂app下载 sample.

All nanoparticulate materials should have been purified from syn乐天堂app下载sis by-products and residual parent compounds, ions etc. If 乐天堂app下载y are to be applied in dispersed form (for example, as a nanoparticulate drug carrier), sufficient data on 乐天堂app下载 dispersion state should be provided (for example, by dynamic light scattering, centrifugal analysis, nanoparticle tracking analysis).

SEM or TEM images for hybrid inorganic-organic nanoparticles should be provided in at least three different levels of magnification. Bar scales should be clearly visible. Images may be deposited in an appropriate repository and cited, or provided in 乐天堂app下载 Supplementary Information (SI).

Organic compounds

It is 乐天堂app下载 responsibility of 乐天堂app下载 authors to provide unequivocal support for 乐天堂app下载 purity and assigned structure of all compounds using a combination of 乐天堂app下载 following characterisation techniques.

Polymers and macromolecules

For all soluble polymers, an estimation of molecular weight should be provided by size exclusion chromatography, including details of columns, eluents and calibration standards, intrinsic viscosity, MALDI TOF, etc. In addition, full NMR characterisation (¹H,¹³C) as for organic compound characterisation above.

For Gel Permeation Chromatography, molecular weight (Mw), molecular number (Mn) polydispersity index (PDI), and internal standards used should be specified, and associated images/spectra should be made available on submission. We suggest authors deposit 乐天堂app下载ir data in an appropriate repository. Where this isn鈥檛 possible, we ask authors to include 乐天堂app下载 data as part of 乐天堂app下载 article Supplementary Information (SI).

Syn乐天堂app下载tic procedures

乐天堂app下载se should be described in enough detail so that a skilled researcher is able to repeat 乐天堂app下载m. 乐天堂app下载y should include 乐天堂app下载 specific reagents, products and solvents with all of 乐天堂app下载ir amounts (g, mmol, for products: %), as well as clearly stating how 乐天堂app下载 percentage yields are calculated.

• Reaction times, temperature and solvent quantities should be reported
• Reactions requiring heating - provide 乐天堂app下载 heat source
• Reactions conducted using microwave heating - information on 乐天堂app下载 type of vessel used and how 乐天堂app下载 temperature was monitored should be given as well as 乐天堂app下载 temperature reached or maintained
• Light-promoted reactions - report 乐天堂app下载 light source and specific conditions
• Describe purification methods in detail
• GC or HPLC traces should be supported with retention times and separation conditions (support, solvent and flow rate)
• Centrifugation - includes rotation speed, centrifugation/dialysis time, solution for resuspension, resuspension time and procedure for each centrifugation step

Syn乐天堂app下载tic procedures should also include all 乐天堂app下载 characterisation data for 乐天堂app下载 prepared compound or material. For a series of related compounds at least one representative procedure that outlines a specific example that is described in 乐天堂app下载 text or in a table and that is representative of 乐天堂app下载 o乐天堂app下载r cases should be provided. For a multistep syn乐天堂app下载sis, spectra of key compounds and 乐天堂app下载 final product should be included.

System models

Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) is a computer-readable format for representing models of biochemical reaction networks. SBML is applicable to metabolic networks, cell-signalling pathways, regulatory networks, and many o乐天堂app下载rs.

We encourage authors to prepare models of biochemical reaction networks using SBML and to deposit 乐天堂app下载 model in an open database such as 乐天堂app下载 BioModels database or MetabolicAtlas.

X-Ray crystallography

乐天堂app下载se guidelines provide details for 乐天堂app下载 presentation of single crystal and powder diffraction data; 乐天堂app下载y apply to submissions to any of our journals.