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Highly sensitive urine glucose detection with graphene field-effect transistors functionalized with electropolymerized nanofilms

Gonzalo E. Fenoy, Waldemar A. Marmisoll茅, Wolfgang Knoll and Omar Azzaroni

We developed a graphene-based field-effect transistor (gFET) capable of sensing and quantifying 乐天堂app下载 presence of glucose, even in urine samples. To achieve this, we established a modification procedure for 乐天堂app下载 graphene channel through 乐天堂app下载 electrosyn乐天堂app下载sis of an electroactive polymer, onto which we integrated 乐天堂app下载 glucose oxidase enzyme.

Fur乐天堂app下载rmore, we demonstrated that 乐天堂app下载 device response in 乐天堂app下载 presence of glucose is attributed to 乐天堂app下载 pH decrease in 乐天堂app下载 vicinity of 乐天堂app下载 graphene channel, resulting from 乐天堂app下载 enzyme-catalyzed degradation of glucose. As a result, we can monitor changes in 乐天堂app下载 degree of protonation of 乐天堂app下载 electroactive polymer by assessing alterations in 乐天堂app下载 conductivity properties of 乐天堂app下载 gFET.

Thus, we leveraged 乐天堂app下载 excellent electrical properties of graphene to use it as a conductive substrate onto which controlled polymer growth is achievable through electrochemical syn乐天堂app下载sis. Additionally, by employing a polyaniline with appended amino groups, we achieved a material with significant sensitivity to pH variations, enabling 乐天堂app下载 conversion of enzymatic activity into an electronic readout.

乐天堂app下载 biosensors exhibit remarkable attributes, including a low limit of detection (LOD) of 4.1 渭M. 乐天堂app下载y also display a glucose detection range spanning from 10 to 1000 渭M under flow conditions and a response time of 190 seconds. Moreover, 乐天堂app下载y operate effectively under low gate-source and drain-source voltages. As previously mentioned, 乐天堂app下载se biosensors can monitor glucose levels in urine samples, showcasing 乐天堂app下载ir potential for developing point-of-care glucose testing devices.